An analysis of tunnel incidents in the past 40 years showed that fires in tunnels are not rare. Various scenarios were defined in order to be able to foresee the effects of petrol escaping from a tanker vehicle and the resulting puddle fire. These scenarios were analysed using CFD models and the results were documented. The CFD models used were validated using a full-scale puddle fire test performed in the testing tunnel of MFPA Leipzig GmbH.
It was found that this research project is suitable for obtaining new findings with regard to temperature development and structural impact, and that leakage of flammable liquids can create a serious hazard for tunnel users in particular. Although the maximum gas temperatures may exceed 1,200°C temporarily, the impact of a fire with a temperature/time development according to the ZTV-ING curve on the supporting structure is significantly lower over time on average. The spallation of the concrete will also not be significantly worse than during the above mentioned comparative fire test.
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